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The five prayers were imposed a year before the migration of the Messenger Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and that was in the journey of the Isra and Mi’raj specifically, so that it became five prayers per day and night, and the number of rak’ahs was increased after it was two rak’ahs twice a day, and this is evidenced by what was mentioned in the Sunnah on the authority of the Mother of the Believers Aisha - may God be pleased with her -, where she said: (God made the prayer obligatory when He made it obligatory, two rak’ahs, when at home and when traveling, so the prayer of travel was approved, and it was added in the prayer of harm).
There was a dispute about the date of the night of Isra and Mi’raj, and it was said that it occurred on the night of the seventeenth of Rabi’ al-Awwal, and it was said that it occurred on the twenty-seventh of Rajab, and this saying was conveyed by Ibn al-Jawzi, and it was said that it occurred in the month of Ramadan.
The five daily prayers were imposed on the night of the Isra and Miraj, almost a year before the migration of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - from Mecca to Medina, and they were imposed at the times known now. It is the time of noon, afternoon, sunset, dinner, and dawn, and the first obligatory prayer that the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - prayed is the noon prayer.
And many people of knowledge said that the prayer was imposed on the twenty-seventh day of the month of Rajab, and its imposition is indicated by the authentic hadith narrated by Anas bin Malik - may God be pleased with him - and he said: (The prayers were imposed on the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, on the night of his captivity by fifty, and then decreased until I made five, then it was called: O Muhammad, it does not change what I have, and for this five you have fifty).
The details of reducing the number of rak’ahs of prayer came in the two Sahihs by mentioning the story of the Isra and Mi’raj and its entire events, as well as the dialogue of our master Muhammad - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - with our master Musa - peace be upon him - about the incident of the Isra’ and the Mi’raj.