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Werewolf is a social deduction game, created by Dimitry Davidoff (in Russian: Дми́трий Давы́дов, transl. Dmitry Davydov) under the name Mafia in 1986. The game generates a conflict between two groups: an informed minority (the werewolves) and an uninformed majority (villagers). At the beginning of the game, each player is secretly assigned a role affiliated with one of the two teams. The game alternates between two alternating periods: first, at night, where night characters have the power to kill (eliminate) or convert a chosen player, and second, daytime characters, in which surviving players debate the identities of the players. and vote to eliminate a suspect. The game continues until one of the factions reaches their victory condition: for the villagers, this usually means eliminating the evil minority, while for the minority this usually means achieving numerical parity with the village and eliminating any rival groups.

History
Dimitry Davidoff is generally recognized as the game's creator. He dates the first Mafia game to the spring of 1987 at the Department of Psychology at Moscow State University, from where it spread throughout Moscow University's classrooms, dormitories, and summer camps.

Andrew Plotkin gave the rules a Werewolf theme in 1997, arguing that the mob wasn't that big of a cultural reference and that the werewolf concept fit the idea of ​​a hidden enemy that seemed normal during the day. The Mafia and a variant called the Thing have been featured in science fiction writers' workshops since 1998, and have become an integral part of the annual Clarion and Viable Paradise workshops. The mob's werewolf variant has spread at major tech events, including the Game Developers Conference, ETech, Foo Camps, and South By Southwest. In 1998, the Kaliningrad Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs published the methodical textbook of non-verbal communications. Developed role-playing games, 'Mafia' and 'Murderer' for a visual psychodiagnosis course, to teach various methods of reading body language and non-verbal cues. In September 1998, the Mafia was introduced at Princeton University's Graduate College, where several variants were developed. The werewolf theme was also incorporated into the French adaptation of the mafia, The Werewolves of Millers Hollow.

In August 2000, a user under the pseudonym "mithrandir" from The Gray Labyrinth, a website dedicated to puzzles and puzzle solving, ran a mafia game adapted for play on a forum. The Gray Labyrinth and sister site MafiaScum claim this was the first mafia game run on a forum. From there, the Mafia spread to countless online communities.

In March 2006, Ernest Fedorov was running a Mafia Club in Kiev, using his own patented variation of the rules. The club organizes games, ranks players and awards prizes (including a trip to Sicily for the tournament series champion).

In June 2006, an investigation of the Rockingham school was launched after parents complained of the traumatic effects the Mafia was having on their fifth grade children. Davidoff responded to the reports, saying that as a father who studied child psychology for 25 years, he felt the game could "teach children to know right from wrong", and that the positive message of being honest could outweigh the negative effects. of an "evil narrator" moderating the game as if it were a scary story.

The Mafia was considered one of the 50 most historically and culturally significant games published since 1890, according to about.com.